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Aerosol Extinguishing Technology in Lithium-Ion Vehicle Battery Fires

With the increasing prevalence of electric vehicles, the fire risk of lithium-ion batteries and the effective extinguishing of these fires are of great importance. Traditional fire extinguishing methods may not always be effective due to the special structure of lithium-ion batteries. Recently, aerosol extinguishing technology has emerged as one of the most effective solutions, especially in battery fires. In this article, we will take a detailed look at lithium-ion battery fires and the advantages of aerosol extinguishing technology.

Lithium-ion Battery Fires and Risks

Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in electric vehicles due to their high energy density. However, due to mechanical damage, overheating or manufacturing defects, these batteries can initiate a reaction called thermal runaway. During this process, the battery cells overheat, release flammable gases and can cause a fire. Lithium-ion battery fires are different from traditional fires and require special extinguishing techniques.

Causes of Lithium-ion Battery Fires

The main causes of fires in lithium-ion batteries are:

• Overcharging: Charging the battery beyond its nominal capacity
• Overdischarging: Completely discharging the battery and making it unstable
• Short Circuit: Uncontrolled flow of electric current
• External Impact or Damage:Physical damage can lead to cell structure deterioration and fire
• Manufacturing Defects:Poor manufacturing or defective components can increase the risk of fire

Are Traditional Fire Extinguishing Methods Sufficient?

Traditional extinguishers such as water, carbon dioxide (CO2) and dry chemical powders are not always effective in extinguishing lithium-ion battery fires. The main reasons for this are:

• Thermal runaway may continue: Even when the internal temperature of the battery drops, the fire may start again.
• Water and CO2 have limited effect: Water can help cool the battery, but may not completely extinguish it. CO2 may not be enough to smother battery fires.
• Flammable Gases May Be Released: In battery fires, lithium and electrolyte components can produce flammable gases and further increase the fire.
• At this point, aerosol extinguishing technology is one of the most effective solutions against lithium-ion battery fires.   stands out.

Aerosol Extinguishing Technology for Lithium-Ion Battery Fires

Aerosol extinguishing systems suppress fires using mixtures of solid particles and gases. This technology, unlike traditional extinguishers, extinguishes the fire by interrupting chemical reactions. Aerosol-based extinguishing systems are extremely effective, especially in the battery compartments of electric vehicles and in closed areas.

Advantages of Aerosol Extinguishing Technology

• Fast Response Time: Instantly detects the fire and extinguishes it starts.
• Electrical Safety: Does not react with electric current, so it is safe for battery systems.
• Less Water Use: Requires less material than water-based extinguishers and prevents secondary damage from water.
• Effective in Indoor Areas: Vehicle aerosol particles are effectively dispersed in narrow spaces such as battery compartments.
• Reduces the Risk of Thermal Runaway: Aerosol components prevent the battery from heating up further, preventing the fire from reigniting.
• Environmentally Friendly:Aerosol-based burners help reduce carbon footprint and do not harm the environment.

How Does an Aerosol Extinguishing System Work?

Aerosol extinguishing systems produce small particles that enter into a chemical reaction at the time of fire and neutralize free radicals. These particles prevent the combustion reaction from continuing and control the fire. Aerosol systems are one of the most effective methods for preventing reignition by stopping the thermal runaway process in lithium-ion battery fires.

Areas of Use of Aerosol Extinguishing Technology

Aerosol extinguishing technology is not only used in electric vehicles. is an effective solution not only in batteries but also in different sectors:

• Electric Vehicles and Batteries
• Industrial Machinery and Production Facilities
• Data Centers and Electrical Panels
• Maritime and Aviation Sector
• Military and Defense Systems

These wide areas of use show that aerosol extinguishing systems are a critical technology for modern fire safety.

With the proliferation of electric vehicle batteries, lithium-ion battery fires have become a significant safety issue. Aerosol extinguishing technology offers a more effective, safe and rapid solution compared to traditional methods. Aerosol systems, which are considered one of the best extinguishing solutions for lithium-ion battery fires in particular, are setting a new standard in electric vehicle safety. Electric vehicle manufacturers and fire safety experts are working to make this new technology more widespread.